How conveyancing works in Ireland
Conveyancing is the legal process of transferring ownership of property in Ireland. It involves contract review, investigation of title at the Property Registration Authority, planning and building control checks, dealings with mortgage lenders, payment of stamp duty under the Stamp Duties Consolidation Act 1999, and registration of ownership. The article below sets that framework out in plain English — first for buyers, then for sellers, with a note for first-time buyers and a checklist of what to have ready before instructing a solicitor.
We recognise that buying or selling a property is a significant and major milestone. Our role is to guide you through a smooth and efficient property transaction, ensuring that any issues are identified and resolved at the earliest opportunity.
Mary Molloy, Principal Solicitor
Buying a property
On a purchase, the solicitor's work goes well beyond witnessing the buyer's signature on a contract. We carry out a full investigation of the title to confirm that the seller has the right to sell, that there are no undisclosed rights or burdens affecting the property, and that the planning and building control position is in order. We raise enquiries with the seller's solicitor on any points that need clarification, and we advise the client clearly on the answers before contracts are signed.
Where the purchase involves a mortgage, we review the loan offer, confirming the property meets the lender's requirements, and manage the drawdown of funds. We handle stamp duty, registration with the Property Registration Authority, and the post-completion steps so that ownership is properly recorded and the title is in order.
- Contract reviewWe read the contract in full, explain its terms, and raise any issues with the seller's solicitor before contracts are signed.
- Title investigationWe investigate the title to the property — confirming that the seller owns it outright, that there are no judgment mortgages or other registered burdens, and that the boundaries match what is on the ground.
- Planning and complianceWe check that any extensions, conversions, or structures on the property have the necessary planning permissions and certificates of compliance with the Building Regulations.
- Mortgage and lender requirementsWhere there is a mortgage, we liaise with the lender, review the loan offer, and manage the drawdown of mortgage funds in time for completion.
- Stamp dutyStamp duty is payable by the buyer to the Revenue Commissioners under the Stamp Duties Consolidation Act 1999. The rates and bands are set by Finance Act and updated periodically, so the rate applying in any specific case is confirmed at the time the matter is closing. We calculate the stamp duty, file the return with Revenue, and arrange payment as part of the conveyancing.
- Land Registry registrationWe register the ownership with the Property Registration Authority so that the title is properly recorded.
Selling a property
On a sale, we prepare the contracts and supporting documentation early in the process so that the file is ready when a buyer is found. We respond to the buyer's solicitor's pre-contract and requisition enquiries promptly, address any title issues that arise, and conduct the matter through to completion and the release of the sale proceeds.
Where there is an existing mortgage on the property, we obtain a redemption figure from the lender, arrange for it to be discharged on completion, and arrange the release of the title deeds. Where the property has been recently extended or altered, we advise early on what planning and compliance documentation will need to be in order — addressing this at the start of the matter avoids delays later.
- Contracts and documentationWe prepare the contracts for sale and the supporting documentation, including copies of the title, planning documents, and relevant certificates of compliance.
- Responding to enquiriesWe deal with the buyer's solicitor's pre-contract and requisition queries.
- Mortgage dischargeWhere the property is mortgaged, we first obtain the Title deeds from your lending institution to draft contracts together with the redemption figure, we then arrange for the mortgage to be paid off on completion.
- Completion and closingWe manage the transfer of ownership documentation and the release of the sale proceeds, and confirm that the matter has been properly closed.
- Capital Gains Tax flagWhere the property being sold is not the seller's principal private residence, a Capital Gains Tax (CGT) liability may arise on the sale. CGT is a separate tax matter and is generally handled by the seller's accountant. We flag the issue early and signpost to appropriate tax advice.
First-time buyers
First-time buyers in Ireland may have access to two schemes that affect the deposit and the legal title to the property. The Help to Buy scheme (administered by the Revenue Commissioners) allows eligible first-time buyers to claim a tax rebate towards the deposit on a new build. The cap and qualifying criteria are set by Finance Act and updated periodically, so the figures applying in any specific case are confirmed at the time of application.
The First Home Scheme is a separate equity-share scheme operated by the State, designed to bridge the gap between an applicant's mortgage and the price of an eligible new build. The scheme takes an equity stake in the property in exchange for the contribution. Where it applies, this affects the legal title and the long-term position of the property — we advise on those implications as part of the conveyancing.
What to have ready before instructing a solicitor
- For buyersPhoto ID and proof of address (passport or driving licence), mortgage approval in principle, details of the deposit and its source (required for anti-money laundering purposes under the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Acts), the buyer's PPS number, and the name and contact details of the estate agent.
- For sellersPhoto ID and proof of address, the title deeds or folio number where available, details of the mortgage lender and account number, any planning permissions or certificates of compliance for works carried out on the property, and a valid Building Energy Rating (BER) certificate (required by law before marketing a property for sale or rent).